Adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici: gestire le conseguenze in modo proattivo

Una donna inginocchiata mentre raccoglie i frutti di una pianta.
La DSC aiuta le persone ad adattarsi alle conseguenze dei cambiamenti climatici. © Neil Palmer (Flickr/CIAT)

Le popolazioni dei Paesi in via di sviluppo risentono maggiormente delle conseguenze del cambiamento climatico. La DSC aiuta pertanto i gruppi più esposti e vulnerabili nei Paesi partner a migliorare le proprie basi esistenziali, affinché siano in grado di gestire proattivamente gli effetti a lungo termine del cambiamento climatico e gli eventi estremi.

Obiettivi princpiali della DSC

La DSC promuove uno sviluppo che tenga conto degli effetti attuali e futuri del cambiamento climatico. L’obiettivo principale delle misure di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici consiste nell’attenuare le conseguenze negative di questi mutamenti per gli esseri umani e nell’aiutare le persone direttamente interessate ad adattarsi. Un utilizzo sostenibile del suolo, delle risorse idriche e del patrimonio forestale è in quest’ottica indispensabile, poiché solo così si possono arginare gli effetti spesso profondi dei cambiamenti di lungo periodo, lenti ma progressivi, e degli eventi climatici estremi sempre più frequenti come i periodi di siccità e le inondazioni. La DSC sostiene i Paesi partner in tre aree di intervento.

  1. Promozione di strategie e misure concrete di adattamento

    Esempio: attraverso il programma di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici in Perù (Programa de Adaptación al Cambio Climático, PACC) e il programma di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici nell’Himalaya indiano (Indian Himalayan Climate Adaptation Programme, IIHCAP), la DSC contribuisce al miglioramento delle basi esistenziali delle comunità montane. La Svizzera e altri Paesi mettono a disposizione le proprie conoscenze per aiutare la popolazione interessata e le istituzioni pubbliche e private a elaborare misure di adattamento nei settori idrico, della sicurezza alimentare e della riduzione dei rischi di catastrofe naturale.
     

  2. Dati per l’elaborazione di strategie in ambito climatico

    Esempio: il progetto «Capacity Building and Twinning for Climate Observing Systems» (CATCOS) offre sostegno a Paesi in via di sviluppo in America del Sud, Africa e Asia nel rilevamento di dati climatici fondamentali per l’elaborazione di strategie e misure di protezione del clima.
     

  3. Processi di pianificazione nazionali per l’adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici
    Esempio: la DSC promuove, in Paesi partner interessati tra cui la Cina, l’elaborazione di strategie nazionali in materia di adattamento ai cambiamenti climatici (National Adaptation Planning Processes, NAP) per consentire loro di sviluppare soluzioni integrate e coordinate. 

Contesto

Il mutamento climatico ha un impatto a livello mondiale, ma i suoi effetti a livello locale variano notevolmente in ragione delle diverse condizioni sociali ed economiche. I gruppi socialmente ed economicamente svantaggiati ne sono particolarmente toccati. I cambiamenti climatici acuiscono la povertà, la fame e i conflitti soprattutto nei Paesi dell’emisfero meridionale. La DSC si adopera dunque per uno sviluppo climaticamente sostenibile nel lungo periodo. 

Le regioni costiere sono particolarmente colpite dall’innalzamento del livello di mari e oceani, le popolazioni che vivono in regioni secche o desertiche soffrono sempre più della penuria di acqua e nelle regioni di montagna si moltiplicano gli eventi di piena e colate detritiche. Si deve dunque prestare particolare attenzione alla salvaguardia delle basi esistenziali degli abitanti di queste zone.

Vulnerabilità e capacità di adattamento

La pianificazione e l’attuazione di misure di protezione del clima richiedono necessariamente competenze tecniche, risorse finanziarie e l’impegno dei responsabili delle decisioni politiche, fattori molto spesso carenti nei Paesi in via di sviluppo. Con misure mirate si possono tuttavia attenuare i rischi climatici per la popolazione conservandone, o addirittura migliorandone, le basi esistenziali. In Perù e in India, per esempio, grazie alle previsioni meteorologiche stagionali i piccoli agricoltori hanno potuto ottimizzare il momento della semina e del raccolto e di conseguenza aumentare la produttività.

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Progetti attuali

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8th Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva, June 2025

01.03.2024 - 31.12.2025

The Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction is the most important international conference to discuss progress in the implementation of the Sendai Framework for DRR. The eighth session of the Global Platform will be hosted by Switzerland in Geneva in June 2025. It will review advances in the realisation of the calls to action made in 2023 by the United Nations General Assembly on the midterm review of the Sendai Framework and will be key for the identification and support of measures to accelerate DRR implementation and improve coherence with the Agenda 2030 and the Paris Agreement.


Addressing Climate and El Niño-related Risks in Southeast Asia

01.02.2024 - 31.07.2025

Through an innovative partnership with the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC) and Geoneon, the SDC will support the creation of high-quality geospatial data products to support riskinformed and climate-smart decision-making in development cooperation and DRM in priority subnational areas in Lao PDR and Indonesia, contributing to and complementing efforts under the SERVIR Southeast Asia project implemented by ADPC and supported by USAID and NASA.


Climate & Socially Resilient Livelihoods’ Support (CSRLS)

01.02.2024 - 30.04.2028

The climatic challenges exacerbate Afghanistan's already fragile socio-economic condition. The project by the Afghan NGO, The Liaison Office, aims to sustainably improve lives and livelihoods of the poorest households in selected provinces by strengthening the natural resource base, climate change resilient and diversified livelihoods, relationships within and between communities, as well as joint climate action.


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01.12.2023 - 31.12.2025

With EmPower II, SDC contributes to a SIDA-funded project of UN-Women and UNEP promoting  climate-resilient development for women and other marginalized groups. SDC’s support enables disaggregated data products for gender-responsive DRR and climate strategies and enhances capacities on the subnational level among policy-makers and CSOs. SDC’s support also facilitates financial access and literacy on renewable energy in Cambodia, Bangladesh and Indonesia.


Humanitarian assistance to people affected by the protracted crisis in Venezuela

01.09.2023 - 31.12.2024

Despite a moderate recovery in some economic indicators during 2022, the Venezuelan economy continues to contract during 2023. Meanwhile, there is no improvement in the structural causes of the humanitarian crisis. As a result, the needs of the most vulnerable are still high. Therefore, Caritas aims to facilitate access on health, nutrition, food security and livelihoods, for vulnerable families in eight states according to the Guidance Note for Venezuela 2022-2024. 


MOZ HA UNICEF Wash Preparedness 2023

01.09.2023 - 31.05.2024

Through UNICEF country program support, Switzerland contributes to integrated climate resilience, disaster risk reduction and preparedness in the WASH sector for communities at risk of cyclonic events. The program focuses on communities facing the triple risk of lacking access to WASH while being exposed to climate-related and health-related hazards. In addition, UNICEF program will respond to specific gaps in the emergency response at national and sub-national levels and prepare the WASH sector for a joint and systematic approach to climate change. 


Peru, SEDAPAL: Emergency Water Supply in Lima

01.08.2023 - 31.12.2027

Lima with a population of over 12 million is subject to the highest seismic vulnerability in Peru. Hence, ensuring Lima’s water supply continuity in case of a major earthquake is crucial. The initiative aims at contributing to strengthened preparedness capacities of Lima’s water service provider (SEDAPAL) by improving its technical, financial and logistical capacities, knowledge exchange and inter-sectorial coordination together with key partners from government, academia, and the private sector.


Bangladesh Microinsurance Market Development Programme

01.07.2023 - 31.12.2027

This programme takes forward Switzerland’s global and in-country experience in working on agricultural microinsurance by addressing critical climate risks, hazards and resulting economic shocks for farming people. The programme will sustainably increase resilience of farmers and related micro and small enterprises through climate change adaptation practices, and stimulate sustainable and inclusive growth across multiple agricultural sub-sectors.


Assistance on Nuclear Safety and Security by supporting the International Atomic Energy Agency’s Expert Missions to Ukraine

01.07.2023 - 30.09.2024

Since Russia’s military aggression against Ukraine in February 2022, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA’s) Response and Assistance Network (RANET) has provided technical assistance to Ukraine. In January 2023, the IAEA addressed to its Member States, including Switzerland, crucial extra budgetary funding needs amounting to Euro 11.8 Mio for the year 2023. This funding supports the IAEA Experts Missions to Ukraine to ensure nuclear safety and security; mitigates humanitarian protection of human live and health, disaster resilience and environmental protection.


Green Economy and Sustainable Private Sector Development

01.06.2023 - 31.05.2026

Project supports transition towards green economy, in particular in tourism and agriculture sectors. With the generous financial support provided by the Swiss and German Governments as well as the European Union (joined for the first time as co-donor), international implementing agency (GIZ) will address challenges in above sectors through improved policy framework in green economy and practices. Transforming economy towards sustainability will also create new and decent jobs.


Enhancing Climate Resilience of Vulnerable Communities and Ecosystems in South Sudan

01.06.2023 - 31.05.2026

Local authorities and communities will be strengthened in their technical and managerial capacities to reduce people’s livelihood exposure, vulnerability and resilience to floods and drought thus increasing food production and reduce food insecurity as well as displacement of people and competition over natural resources. This will be achieved through improved communication, coordination and knowledge-sharing, early warning systems and appropriate legislation. 


Climate-sensitive Water Resources Management in Central Asia

01.06.2023 - 31.05.2027

The Climate Sensitive Water Resources Management in Central Asia project strengthens national and regional organisations responsible for water resource management in Central Asia to implement climate-sensitive integrated water resources management in a regionally coordinated manner. Switzerland will contribute to this initiative which is designed in the frame of the German led, GIZ implemented Green Central Asia High-Level Platform. 

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